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Lithography

This month on the Brother Toner Blog, we will be featuring a special series of blog posts on the history of printing. This post is about Lithography.

Invented in 1796 by Alois Senefelder, lithography uses simple chemical processes for reproducing greatly detailed images. Using a smooth plate of limestone, a drawing is etched. A gum arabic solution is then added that repulses water based on its oil content. From there, turpentine is used to remove the oily film, but  a slight amount of it remains on the stone, ready to accept ink, which is hydrophobic.
After that, the stone is run with the sheet of paper through a press that provides even pressure on the paper, transferring the ink from the stone to the paper.

The modern process uses photographic images and a UV light to develop a reverse of the negative, i.e. the positive image. The plate is then affixed to a cylinder on a printing press. Water then covers the plate, and the hydrophobic ink sticks to the positive image. But if this were immediately transferred to paper, it would come off sopping wet. A rubber blanket squeezes off the excess water and then the ink is transferred to paper. Because the image is transferred, or offset to a rubber drum, not unlike a Brother drum,  the process is called Offset lithography.

Stay tuned for next week’s Brother toner blog, when we discuss the origins of the printing press!

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Posted on: Monday, May 3rd, 2010 at 9:01 am

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